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Optimization of cultivation of carotenogenic yeasts on mixed waste substrates
Holub, Jiří ; Mikulíková, Renata (referee) ; Márová, Ivana (advisor)
The master thesis addresses the issue of cultivation of selected strains of carotenogenic yeasts on waste materials of the food industry using a laboratory bioreactor. Carotenogenic yeasts are able to produce highly valuable metabolites during cultivation, which are located predominantly in the lipid part of the cells. Particularly, they are carotenoids, ergosterol, coenzyme Q and fatty acids. The thesis is divided into two main parts, the theoretical part and the practical part. The theoretical part describes individual yeast strains, types of waste materials, produced metabolites and methods of their analysis. The experimental part deals with the processing of waste materials of the food industry, specifically animal fat, whey and spent coffee grounds into the form of substrates usable as nutrition sources for yeast cultivation. Furthermore, cultivations focused on the recovery of the monitored metabolites and their analysis by using HPLC/PDA and GC/FID assemblies were studied as well. The yeast strains Rhodotorula mucilaginosa (CCY 19-4-6), Rhodotorula kratochvilae (CCY 20-2-26), Rhodosporidium toruloides (CCY 062-002-001), Sporidiobolus pararoseus (CCY 19-9-6) a Cystofilobasidium macerans (CCY 10-1-2) were used in this work. As one of the best producing strains Sporidiobolus pararoseus (CCY 19-9-6) was found, which achieved very high productions of carotenoids, coenzyme Q and ergosterol.
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Valorization of waste animal fat by carotenognic yeasts
Chrástová, Nikola ; Němcová, Andrea (referee) ; Márová, Ivana (advisor)
This diploma thesis deals with valorization of waste animal fat using carotenogenic yeast and conversion to biomass enriched with valuable substances. These microorganisms have the ability to utilize various waste substrates and convert them into interesting products such as carotenoids, lipids, ergosterol and ubiquinone. Four strains of yeast (Rhodotorula glutinis, Cystofilobasidium macerans, Rhodotorula mucilaginosa, Sporidiobolus pararoseus) were used. The theoretical part is focused on characterization of yeasts, enzymes and lipases, produced metabolites, yeast and description of analytical methods. In the experimental part, cultures were performed at four C/N ratios on media with different carbon sources, which were glucose, glycerol, fat, fat with added emulsifier, enzymatically hydrolyzed fat and fat with enzyme addition. Biomass was determined gravimetrically for all samples. Carotenoids, ergosterol and ubiquinone were analyzed on an HPLC/PDA equipment. The intracellular lipid content was determined by GC/FID. The production of these substances was different in individual strains depending on the carbon source and the C/N ratio. Rhodotorula glutinis is the most suitable for producing biomass and carotenoids. The highest amounts of ergosterol and ubiquinone were produced by Cystofilobasidium macerans. Sporidiobolus pararoseus had the largest lipid content in biomass. This diploma thesis was elaborated within the international project "LipoFungi".
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Production of carotenoids grown on waste fat
Holub, Jiří ; Němcová, Andrea (referee) ; Márová, Ivana (advisor)
Carotenoids are lipid-soluble pigments which are contained in plants and microorganisms. Carotenoids are known for their antioxidant effects. Lipids are predominantly non-polar substances, which are essential and present in all types of organisms. The research was made by theoretical and practical form. It was dealing with production of carotenoids pigments and different lipophilic substances by yeasts of Rhodotorula glutinis, Rhodosporidium toruloides and Sporidiobolus metaroseus, cultivated in media containing waste fat or glycerol. Further, methods for obtaining lipid substances from microorganisms and with further analysis of samples by gas or liquid chromatography were optimized. The main task of the research was to find out which types of media and yeasts are the most suitable for production of lipid substances. For production of lipid substances in glycerol media, as the best producing strain Rhodosporidium toruloides was found, which simultaneously reported the highest concentrations of carotenoids on fatty and fatty hydrolyzed media.
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Optimization of cultivation of carotenogenic yeasts on mixed waste substrates
Holub, Jiří ; Mikulíková, Renata (referee) ; Márová, Ivana (advisor)
The master thesis addresses the issue of cultivation of selected strains of carotenogenic yeasts on waste materials of the food industry using a laboratory bioreactor. Carotenogenic yeasts are able to produce highly valuable metabolites during cultivation, which are located predominantly in the lipid part of the cells. Particularly, they are carotenoids, ergosterol, coenzyme Q and fatty acids. The thesis is divided into two main parts, the theoretical part and the practical part. The theoretical part describes individual yeast strains, types of waste materials, produced metabolites and methods of their analysis. The experimental part deals with the processing of waste materials of the food industry, specifically animal fat, whey and spent coffee grounds into the form of substrates usable as nutrition sources for yeast cultivation. Furthermore, cultivations focused on the recovery of the monitored metabolites and their analysis by using HPLC/PDA and GC/FID assemblies were studied as well. The yeast strains Rhodotorula mucilaginosa (CCY 19-4-6), Rhodotorula kratochvilae (CCY 20-2-26), Rhodosporidium toruloides (CCY 062-002-001), Sporidiobolus pararoseus (CCY 19-9-6) a Cystofilobasidium macerans (CCY 10-1-2) were used in this work. As one of the best producing strains Sporidiobolus pararoseus (CCY 19-9-6) was found, which achieved very high productions of carotenoids, coenzyme Q and ergosterol.
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Valorization of waste animal fat by carotenognic yeasts
Chrástová, Nikola ; Němcová, Andrea (referee) ; Márová, Ivana (advisor)
This diploma thesis deals with valorization of waste animal fat using carotenogenic yeast and conversion to biomass enriched with valuable substances. These microorganisms have the ability to utilize various waste substrates and convert them into interesting products such as carotenoids, lipids, ergosterol and ubiquinone. Four strains of yeast (Rhodotorula glutinis, Cystofilobasidium macerans, Rhodotorula mucilaginosa, Sporidiobolus pararoseus) were used. The theoretical part is focused on characterization of yeasts, enzymes and lipases, produced metabolites, yeast and description of analytical methods. In the experimental part, cultures were performed at four C/N ratios on media with different carbon sources, which were glucose, glycerol, fat, fat with added emulsifier, enzymatically hydrolyzed fat and fat with enzyme addition. Biomass was determined gravimetrically for all samples. Carotenoids, ergosterol and ubiquinone were analyzed on an HPLC/PDA equipment. The intracellular lipid content was determined by GC/FID. The production of these substances was different in individual strains depending on the carbon source and the C/N ratio. Rhodotorula glutinis is the most suitable for producing biomass and carotenoids. The highest amounts of ergosterol and ubiquinone were produced by Cystofilobasidium macerans. Sporidiobolus pararoseus had the largest lipid content in biomass. This diploma thesis was elaborated within the international project "LipoFungi".
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Production of carotenoids grown on waste fat
Holub, Jiří ; Němcová, Andrea (referee) ; Márová, Ivana (advisor)
Carotenoids are lipid-soluble pigments which are contained in plants and microorganisms. Carotenoids are known for their antioxidant effects. Lipids are predominantly non-polar substances, which are essential and present in all types of organisms. The research was made by theoretical and practical form. It was dealing with production of carotenoids pigments and different lipophilic substances by yeasts of Rhodotorula glutinis, Rhodosporidium toruloides and Sporidiobolus metaroseus, cultivated in media containing waste fat or glycerol. Further, methods for obtaining lipid substances from microorganisms and with further analysis of samples by gas or liquid chromatography were optimized. The main task of the research was to find out which types of media and yeasts are the most suitable for production of lipid substances. For production of lipid substances in glycerol media, as the best producing strain Rhodosporidium toruloides was found, which simultaneously reported the highest concentrations of carotenoids on fatty and fatty hydrolyzed media.
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